A recent survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation and Children's Digital Media Centers, found that children who live in homes where the television is on most of the time may have more trouble learning to read than other children. Children ages 6 months to 6 years spend about two hours a day watching television, playing video games or using computers; roughly the same amount of time they spend playing outdoors and three times as long as they spend reading or being read to.

The study found about one-third of children age 6 and younger have televisions in their bedrooms and a similar proportion live in homes where a television is on most or all the time. In those ``heavy TV households,'' 34 percent of children ages 4 years to 6 years were able to read, compared with 56 percent in homes where the television is on less often.

"Watching TV is far inferior to playing with toys, being read to or playing with adults or talking with parents,'' said Dr. Henry Shapiro, chairman of developmental and behavior pediatrics at the American Academy of Pediatrics. ``Watching TV without a parent is a junk experience, especially for young children.''

The report found that 27 percent of 4-to-6-year-olds use a computer each day, spending an average of one hour at the keyboard. Among kids in this same age group, the study found that half have played video games and one-quarter play several times a week or more. In a typical day, 24 percent of boys played video games compared with 8 percent of girls.

`These kids will have a great advantage in terms of how media can aide their learning, but parents must understand the pitfalls,'' survey researcher Victoria Rideout said.

Despite the heavy media exposure, the report found that reading continues to be a regular part of many children's lives. Almost 80 percent of those 6 years and under read or are read to every day. Still, the report said, children spend only 49 minutes on average with books per day compared with 2 hours and 22 minutes in front of a TV or computer screen.

The survey found parents have a largely positive view about TV and computers, with 72 percent reporting that their computers were used mostly to help in their children's learning. Forty-three percent felt the same way about television. Twenty-seven percent believed that TV mostly hurts childrens' learning and 21 percent said it doesn't have much effect one way or another.

Shapiro said it isn't all bad that many kids are sitting in front of TVs, computers and video games. ``Children are home, safe, they are learning things,'' he said. ``This is just part of the process over history of using the new medium and this is giving kids a chance to be competitive in the world.'' But, he said, there is a downside - so much time in front of TV can cause kids to become overweight, eat junk food and not get enough sleep or adult interaction.

`It all boils down to the involvement of parents as leaders and mentors and encouragers of their children's personal growth and learning,'' Shapiro said. ``To the extent that children are being minded by machines is not a good thing, but children playing with technology is no different than the latest technology being crayons. It's just the latest technology.''

The report is based on results of a national, random telephone survey of 1,065 parents of children ages 6 months to 6 years conducted from April to June. The margin of error is plus or minus 3 percentage points.